Womens Health

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Iron Deficiency | Breaking the Vicious Cycle

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common cause of chronic iron loss and iron deficiency, which may be symptomatic even when haemoglobin level is normal. Ferritin testing is essential and assessment of HMB should include quality of life and underlying causes, rather than only blood loss estimates. Investigations should be guided by symptoms, examination findings and risk factors. Management of HMB must both restore iron stores and reduce ongoing menstrual blood loss to prevent recurrence. Of the medical treatment options for blood loss, the 52mg levonorgestrel intrauterine device offers the greatest reduction. Early recognition of low iron levels, plus treatment of both iron stores and menstrual blood loss, helps prevent recurrence and improves wellbeing.

August 21, 2026 by Domains Testing Iron Deficiency Womens Health 0

Hormone Replacement Therapy During and After Menopause

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used in clinical practice for decades as a therapeutic
approach for mitigating menopausal symptoms. The primary objective of HRT is to alleviate
menopausal symptoms during the perimenopausal and menopausal phases. The symptoms mostly
encompass vasomotor and genitourinary issues resulting from the deficiency of oestrogen and
progesterone. These symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings,
sleep disturbances, depressive episodes, skin and metabolic changes.

August 21, 2026 by Domains Testing Gynaecology Menopause Womens Health 0

Prescribing Menopausal Hormone Therapy | A Practical and Evidence-Based Approach to Treatment

Around three-quarters of women experience menopausal symptoms, predominantly vasomotor symptoms. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is the most effective treatment for these and other direct consequences of menopause, such as bone loss. Although nonoral oestrogen is widely considered
to be the preferred option, oral oestrogen is a safe and effective option for most women who do not absorb or cannot tolerate transdermal oestrogen formulations. Micronised progesterone and dydrogesterone may be better tolerated than other progestogens, but studies are needed to determine
the breast safety of these progestogens beyond three to five years of use with concurrent oestrogen therapy. Easy access to safe and effective MHT is imperative for improving quality of life and long-term health outcomes for women in midlife.

August 21, 2026 by Domains Testing Menopause Womens Health 0

The Role of Dairy in the Diet of Women During Menopause: A scientific Review

Dietary interventions may have a significant role in managing symptoms of menopause, the life phase in women that follows the cessation of the menstrual cycle, and promoting overall health for women during this time.

Modern Medicine – Issue 3, 2025

July 14, 2025 by Domains Testing Womens Health

Hormone-free Option for Vaginal Dryness and Atrophy

Vaginal dryness can occur at any age but is a particularly common symptom once menopause commences. It can be treated effectively with hormone-free vaginal moisturising products with an improvement in symptoms and quality of life.

Modern Medicine – Issue 5 2022

October 5, 2022 by Peter Womens Health

Cardio-Metabolic Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS):A narrative review

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered the most common endocrine disorder affecting females. Although it has been primarily studied and discussed in terms of its reproductive symptoms, there are also its cardio-metabolic consequences. PCOS patients are prone to these abnormalities from a very young age, increasing their morbidity and mortality rates. The usual pathogenesis of PCOS is a culmination of several genetic and environmental factors. Regarding its cardio-metabolic aspects, insulin resistance is said to be the single most important cause of a variety of metabolic risk factors, whereas a few other non-traditional factors are also said to be increased in PCOS patients, further increasing their risk of complications due to cardiovascular diseases. A timely diagnosis and treatment of these risk factors by using lifestyle interventions, diet, and/or medications are essential to reduce the burden of PCOS in today’s world.

Modern Medicine – Issue 5 2022

October 5, 2022 by Peter Womens Health

Progestogens Help Manage Menstrual Disorders

The use of progesterone and synthetic analogues, the progestogens, in abnormal (dysfunctional) uterine bleeding (AUB) and menstrual disorders including menopausal hormone replacement, is well established. AUB is defined as menstrual bleeding of abnormal amount, duration or schedule. It is common, and accounts for one in three gynaecology clinic visits.1 Dydrogesterone therapy has been shown to be effective in achieving menstrual cycle regularity with neutral effects on sex hormones.

Modern Medicine – Issue 5 2021

October 13, 2021 by Peter Womens Health

Post-menopause HRT Needs the Right Progestogen

Menopause is a normal life event for women and so it is not an illness or a medical condition. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is generally a safe, effective treatment of menopause and as such should be considered for many more women than it has been in the recent past. Women with a uterus require a progestogen to prevent endometrial hyperplasia and the risk of endometrial cancer associated with the use of unopposed oestrogen.

Modern Medicine – Issue 4 2021

August 11, 2021 by Peter Uncategorized Womens Health

Dydrogesterone, Supporting Female Reproductive Health

Introduced in the 1960s, dydrogesterone is a progesterone agonist used to support female reproductive health, and is particularly useful due to its high bioavailability and highly selective nature.

Modern Medicine – Issue 6 2020

December 3, 2020 by Peter Womens Health

Managing Interstitial Cystitis/ Bladder Pain Syndrome

Managing Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome

IC/BPS is a poorly understood syndrome, commonly diagnosed in the fourth decade or later in life. Several studies have documented its negative impact on various health-related quality of life domains as well as psychosocial functioning. The exact aetiology and pathogenesis of IC/BPS is poorly understood.

Modern Medicine – Issue 5 2020

October 20, 2020 by Peter Womens Health

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