Microscopic Haematuria: A Practical Guide for GPs

Microscopic Haematuria: A Practical Guide for GPs

Microscopic haematuria is a subtle finding that can reflect causes ranging from benign transient conditions to serious renal or urological disease. Formal urine microscopy is essential to confirm haematuria and assess for glomerular features such as dysmorphic red blood cells, casts and proteinuria. A systematic, risk-stratified evaluation is required, as it may indicate urological or glomerular disease despite often being asymptomatic and benign. Referral to a urologist is indicated for intermediate- or high-risk patients, whereas referral to a nephrologist is required when glomerular features are present or renal disease is suspected.