Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder that is strongly linked to asthma and conjunctivitis. Classic symptoms include nasal congestion, nasal itch, rhinorrhoea and sneezing. A thorough history, physical examination and assessment of allergen sensitisation are important for establishing the diagnosis of AR. Intranasal corticosteroids and second-generation antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment. Allergen immunotherapy is an effective immune-modulating treatment for use in addition to or as an alternative to pharmacologic therapy. This article provides an overview on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate management of AR. It has been modified from the original to reflect the South African setting.
Modern Medicine – Issue 5, 2025
